Which of the following lists the layers of the heart from inner to outer?

The correct answer identifies the layers of the heart in the correct order from the innermost to the outermost layer. The inner layer, known as the endocardium, lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves, providing a smooth surface for blood to flow over.

Next, the myocardium lies just outside the endocardium and is the thick muscular layer of the heart responsible for contractions that pump blood throughout the body. Finally, the outermost layer, known as the epicardium, is a thin layer that forms part of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart.

Understanding the structure of these layers is critical for cardiovascular perfusionists, as they play vital roles in the heart's function and health. Each layer has specific characteristics and functions that contribute to the overall operation of the cardiovascular system.