What is the primary function of the internal carotid arteries?

The primary function of the internal carotid arteries is to supply blood to the anterior part of the brain. These arteries branch off from the common carotid arteries and ascend through the neck to reach the base of the skull, where they enter the cranial cavity. Upon entering the skull, the internal carotid arteries give rise to critical branches, including the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, which are essential for delivering oxygenated blood to the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes of the brain.

This function is vital because the brain relies on a continuous supply of blood to provide the necessary oxygen and nutrients to support its complex activities, such as cognition, sensory processing, and motor control. Disruption in blood flow from these arteries can lead to serious complications, including strokes or transient ischemic attacks, underscoring their importance in cerebral circulation.