What is the meaning of ST elevation in the context of STEMI?

ST elevation in the context of STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) signifies acute myocardial injury. This occurs when there is a critical blockage in one of the coronary arteries, leading to a lack of blood flow to a portion of the heart muscle. The elevation in the ST segment on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the electrical changes associated with this acute injury, specifically indicating that the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen and is in distress. This is a crucial finding that helps healthcare professionals identify and manage a heart attack promptly to prevent further damage to the heart tissue.

In addition, a STEMI typically results from a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus formation, which causes a rapid progression to myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Recognizing ST elevation helps direct immediate interventions, such as reperfusion therapy, which can be lifesaving.

Chronic heart problems, partial blockage of coronary arteries, and normal heart function do not represent the acute and urgent situation portrayed by ST elevation, which is specifically indicative of the immediate and severe nature of a myocardial infarction.