What characterizes an interrupted aortic arch?

An interrupted aortic arch is characterized by a complete interruption of the ascending and descending aorta. This condition is a significant congenital heart defect in which there is a discontinuity between the sections of the aorta, meaning there is a gap where the normal continuity of the aorta should be present. This interruption usually occurs between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery.

In this condition, the blood supply to the lower body and to the head and arms is critically compromised, which necessitates the presence of collateral circulation typically aided by other structures, such as the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). While a PDA can help maintain circulation in these patients by connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery, the key feature of interrupted aortic arch is the complete lack of continuity between the aortic segments, rather than just the presence of a PDA or narrowing of the aorta. This anatomical disruption leads to serious clinical implications and management challenges for the affected individuals.