What characterizes a type A Stanford dissection?

A type A Stanford dissection is characterized by the involvement of the proximal ascending aorta. This classification is significant because dissections that originate in this area are generally more critical and pose a greater risk of complications, such as aortic regurgitation or cardiac tamponade, compared to dissections that are limited to the distal aorta.

Dissections are classified based on the location of the tear in the aortic wall. In type A Stanford dissections, the entry tear is typically located in the ascending aorta, and the dissection can extend into the arch or even further down the aorta. Prompt surgical intervention is often required since type A dissections are associated with a higher mortality rate if not treated quickly.

Understanding the anatomical implications of a type A Stanford dissection is crucial for both diagnosis and management strategies in cardiovascular perfusion and surgical practice.